ALL TEXTS ON BRAZILIAN ECONOMY

2001. The method that Celso Furtado utilizes is essentially historical; his passion - a measured passion - is for Brazil. A survey of Furtado's work.Portuguese and Spanish versions available. (Paper to be published in English)

2000. A major retail bank as Banespa should not be sold to foreign owners.(Article: Folha de S.Paulo, 9.1)

1998. New dependency theory is different from the theory of imperialism, as well as from the national-bourgeois interpretation. It is "new" because rich countries are not anymore against industrialization, but favor authoritarianism and income concentration (Intervention in conference).

1997. Update of "Seis Interpretações sobre o Brasil" (1982). It was written when the Cardoso administration was beginning. (Paper in book edited by Maria Rita Loureiro) Italian version available.

1997. Third edition. An introductory book and also a personal essay on the Brazilian economy. (Editora 34) Nas livrarias

1996. Maria Hermínia Tavares de Almeida writes on the Bresser Plan. (Chapter of a book)

1996. The crisis of the state interpretation. Economic and political analysis of the crisis starting in 1980 in Latin America. English and French versions availalble. (Book: Editora 34) Nas livrarias

1995. An account of the 1987 negotiation of the debt crisis. Brazil presented a proposal of debt securitization which represented a turning point in the debt crisis, and was the Brady Plan 18 months later. (Paper: Revista de Economia Política) *

1994. Brazil achieved price stability. Now, in order to grow, it has to define a policy of competitive insertion in the interantional setting, while, domestically, promotes income distribution. (Note: Folha de S.Paulo)

1994. Since 1980 Latin American faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state, which was also a crisis of the developmentalist interpretation. Now, two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Available in English and Portuguese. (Paper: Cahiers des Amériques Latines)*

1993. In a 1964 I demonstrated that Brazilian entrepreneurs originated from the immigrant middle class. Nevertheless, dependency theory insisted that they originated from the coffee planters. It was a way of rejecting the possibility of a national bourgeoisie. (Paper: Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais)

1993. IMF adjustment programs and World Banks structural reforms ignore that the Brazilian economy faces abnormal times. (Paper in Revista da USP)

1992. Stabilization and other market-oriented economic reforms face a double challenge in new democracies: they have to be economically effective and politically feasible. Since 1980 Latin America faced a debt crisis and a crisis of the state. Now, two competing interpretations are present the neo-liberal Washington Consensus and the fiscal crisis of the state approach. The later anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Chapter 1 of Economic Reforms in New Democracies).

1993. A new political pact of the Brazilian elites around the idea of national development is a condition for political legitimacy and economic growth. Portuguese and English versions available.(Paper: Problèmes d Amérique Latine)*

1993. Brazil's failure to achieve price stabilization is essentially a consequence of the incompetence of authorities (and IMF) in acknowledging the inertial character of inflation and the lack of political support for fiscal adjustment. (Lecture in London)

1993. After the dependency interpretation of Latin America, now two competing interpretations are present: the neoliberal Washington Consensus and what I propose: the fiscal crisis of the state approach. Portuguese and French versions available. This paper is a preliminary version of my chapter in Economic Reforms in New Democracies (1993). The "fiscal crisis approach" anticipates the 2003 "new developmentalism". (Paper: Instituto Norte-Sul Discussion Paper)